小學(xué)六年級英語一般過去時的用法
概念
表示在的過去某個時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。通常在句子里找到表示過去時間的詞或詞組。如：yesterday，yesterday morning，yesterday afternoon，yesterday evening，the day before yesterday（前天），last night，last week，last month， last year，a moment ago（剛才），just now（剛才）， two days ago，a week ago，in 1990等。
如： I went to bed at eleven last night. 昨晚我11：00睡覺。
動詞過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)律
(一)規(guī)則動詞的過去式
1．一般情況下，在動詞原形后面加-ed；
look→looked play→played start→started visit→visited
2．以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動詞，在詞尾直接加-d；
live→lived use→used
3．以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的動詞，先將 y 改為i ,再加 –ed；
study→studied, try→tried fly→flied
4．以重讀閉音節(jié)（即輔音＋元音＋輔音）或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞，要先雙寫這個輔音字母后，再加 –ed。
stop→stopped plan→planned drop→dropped
(二)不規(guī)則動詞的過去式
1．改變動詞中的元音；
begin→began drink→drank come→came eat→ate grow→grew run→ran know→knew win→won speak→spoke take→took write→wrote get→got
2．變詞尾的–d 為–t ；
build→built lend→lent send→sent spend→spent bend→bent
3．與動詞原形一樣；
cut→cut put→put cost→cost hurt→hurt shut→shut
4．變-ay 為-aid (少數(shù)動詞)；
say→said pay→paid lay→laid
5．聘用不同詞根；
sell→sold teach→taught buy→bought
6．其他。
am/is→was are→were have/has→had do→did
加“-ed”后的讀音方法
1.ed加在清輔音后面讀/t/。
finished /-t/ help /-t/ asked /-t/
2.ed加在濁輔音或元音結(jié)尾的，讀/d/。
played /-d/ lived /-d/ enjoyed /-d/
3.ed加在/t/或/d/后面，讀/id/。
wanted /-tid/ needed /-did/ visited /-tid/
句式變化
�。ㄒ唬┮话氵^去時的一般疑問句
1．把was, were放在句首，其余位置不變。由Was?？引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句，肯定答為：Yes，… was. 否定回答為：No，…. wasn’t. 由Were?？引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句，肯定回答為：Yes，… were. 否定回答為：No，… weren’t.
如：
�。�1）I was at home. →Were you at home?
→Yes, I was. (肯定回答) →No, I wasn’t. (否定回答)
�。�2）They were at Li Yan’s home last night.
→Were they at Li Yan’s home last night?
→Yes, they were. (肯定回答) →No, they weren’t. (否定回答)
2．在行為動詞的句子中，要用助動詞詞did來引導(dǎo)，其余的語序不變。要注意的是，要把行為動詞的過去式改為原形。肯定回答為：Yes, ?did. 否定回答：No, ?didn’t.
如：John played computer games last night.→Did John play computer games last night?
→Yes, he did. (肯定回答) →No, he didn’t. (否定回答)
�。ǘ┮话氵^去時的否定句
1．在表示過去存在的狀態(tài)的句子中，相接在was, were的后面加上not。
如：
（1）He was in the park the day before yesterday.
→He was not in the park the day before yesterday.
(2)We were busy last week.
→We were not busy last week.
2．在表示過去的時間發(fā)生的動作的句子中，要在行為動詞的前面加助動詞didn’t.然后把過去式的行為動詞改為動詞原形。即：didn’t + 動詞原形。
如：
�。�1）She played the violin last night.
→She didn’t play the violin last night.
(2)They swam in the lake yesterday.
→They didn’t swim in the lake yesterday.
(三)、一般過去式的特殊疑問句
1.What did ? ?（主要是詢問過去發(fā)生了什么事情，注意要把過去式改為動詞原形。）
We ate Chinese food last night.
→What did we eat last night?
2.Where did ?( 主要是詢問過去事情發(fā)生的地方。)
They sang and dance in the music room yesterday morning.
→Where did they sing and dance yesterday morning?
3.Who + 動詞過去式 ? ?( 主要是詢問過去事情發(fā)生的人物。)
and Tom climbed mountains last weekend.
→Who climbed mountains last weekend?
二、句子結(jié)構(gòu)
1．在表示某個時間里存在的狀態(tài)的句子，系動詞用過式was，were構(gòu)成。
如：
�。�1）I was at home yesterday. 昨天我在家。
�。�2）We were in the gym just now. 剛才我們在體育館。
2．在表示過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作，用動詞的過去式構(gòu)成。
如：I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜訪了我的叔叔。
3．各種句式
�。�1）一般過去時的肯定陳述句：
主語 ＋ 動詞過去式 ＋ 賓語或表語。
He worked in Shanghai ten years ago.
（2）一般過去時的否定句：
a．主語 ＋ didn’t ＋ 動詞原形 ＋ 賓語。 (did + not = didn't)
He didn't do morning exercises yesterday.
b．主語 ＋ wasn’t/weren’t ＋表語。(was + not = wasn't were + not = weren't)
He wasn't an English teacher ten years ago.
�。�3）一般過去時的一般疑問句：
a．Did ＋ 主語 ＋ 動詞原形 ＋ 賓語 ？
Did you study English in 1990 ?
b．Was/Were + 主語 ＋ 表語 ？
Was he a pupil five years ago ?
�。�4）一般過去時的特殊疑問句：
a．特殊疑問詞 ＋ did + 主語 ＋ 動詞原形 ＋ 賓語？
Where did your parents live five years ago？
What did you do last Sunday？
b．特殊疑問詞 ＋ were/was ＋ 表語？
Who was at the zoo yesterday?
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